SIL IPA Keyboard Help
SIL IPA keyboard for Keyman Desktop
SIL IPA keyboard (ver 1.6)
Martin Hosken and Lorna Evans,
SIL Non-Roman Script Initiative (NRSI)
Technical Support
If you have problems using the SIL Unicode IPA keyboard, please contact:
User Support
SIL Non-Roman Script Initiative
7500 W. Camp Wisdom Rd.
Dallas, TX 75236
USA
E-mail: [email protected]
Keyboard Layout
The keyboard layout is described in terms of an IPA chart rather than a keyboard. This is because many base characters are typed as a sequence of a letter followed by one of <, >, = or | which are characters used to change a base character to another base character. Diacritics are typed as sequences of an appropriate key. Blue denotes non-IPA sanctioned phonetic symbols (they may be used by other traditions such as Americanist, Chinese or Russian).
Consonants
|
|
Bilabial |
Labio-dental |
Dental |
Alveolar |
Post-alveolar |
Retroflex |
Palatal |
Velar |
Uvular |
Pharyngeal |
Glottal |
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Plosive |
p |
p |
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t |
t |
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ʈ |
t< |
c |
c |
k |
k |
q |
q |
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ʔ |
?= |
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b |
b |
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d |
d |
|
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ɖ |
d< |
ɟ |
j= |
ɡ |
g< |
ɢ |
G= |
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|
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Nasal |
m |
m |
ɱ |
m> |
|
|
n |
n |
|
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ɳ |
n< |
ɲ |
n= |
ŋ |
n> |
ɴ |
N= |
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Trill |
ʙ |
B= |
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r |
r |
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ʀ |
R= |
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Tap or Flap |
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ⱱ |
v< |
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ɾ |
r> |
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ɽ |
r< |
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|
|
Fricative |
ɸ |
f= |
f |
f |
θ |
t= |
s |
s |
ʃ |
s= |
ʂ |
s< |
ç |
c= |
x |
x |
χ |
x= |
ħ |
h> |
h |
h |
|
|
β |
b= |
v |
v |
ð |
d= |
z |
z |
ʒ |
z= |
ʐ |
z< |
ʝ |
j< |
ɣ |
g= |
ʁ |
R> |
ʕ |
?< |
ɦ |
h< |
|
Lateral Fricative |
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ɬ |
l= |
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ɮ |
l> |
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Approximant |
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|
ʋ |
v= |
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ɹ |
r= |
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ɻ |
R< |
j |
j |
ɰ |
w> |
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Lateral Approximant |
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l |
l |
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ɭ |
l< |
ʎ |
L< |
ʟ |
L= |
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|
|
Where symbols appear in pairs, the bottom one represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.
Other Consonants
|
Clicks |
Voiced implosives |
||||
|
ʘ |
p= |
Bilabial |
ɓ |
b> |
Bilabial |
|
ǀ |
!< |
Dental |
ɗ |
d> |
Dental/alveolar |
|
ǃ |
! |
(Post)alveolar |
ʄ |
j> |
Palatal |
|
ǂ |
!= |
Palatoalveolar |
ɠ |
g> |
Velar |
|
ǁ |
!> |
Alveolar lateral |
ʛ |
G> |
Uvular |
Other Symbols
|
ʍ |
w= |
Vl labial-velar fricative |
ɕ |
c< |
vd alveolo-palatal fricative |
|
w |
w |
Vd labial-velar approximant |
ʑ |
z> |
Vd alveolo-palatal fricative |
|
ɥ |
y< or h= |
Vd labial-palatal approximant |
ɺ |
L> |
Vd alveolar lateral flap |
|
ʜ |
H= |
Vl epiglottal fricative |
ɧ |
H> |
Simultaneous ʃ and x |
|
ʢ |
Q< |
Vd epiglottal fricative |
|
|
|
|
ʡ |
Q= |
Vd epiglottal plosive |
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|
|
Vowels
|
|
Front |
Central |
Back |
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|
|
Unrounded |
Rounded |
Unrounded |
Rounded |
Unrounded |
Rounded |
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|
Close |
i |
i |
y |
y |
ɨ |
I= |
ʉ |
U= |
ɯ |
u= |
u |
u |
|
Near-close |
ɪ |
i= |
ʏ |
y= |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ʊ |
u< |
|
Close-mid |
e |
e |
ø |
o> |
ɘ |
E= |
ɵ |
O= |
ɤ |
O> |
o |
o |
|
Mid |
|
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|
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ə |
e= |
|
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|
|
Open-mid |
ɛ |
e< |
œ |
E< |
ɜ |
e> |
ɞ |
O< |
ʌ |
u> |
ɔ |
o< |
|
Near-open |
æ |
a< |
|
|
|
ɐ |
a> |
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|
|
Open |
a |
a |
ɶ |
E> |
|
|
|
|
ɑ |
a= |
ɒ |
o= |
Suprasegmentals
|
ˈ |
} |
Primary stress |
|
ˌ |
}} |
Secondary stress |
|
eː |
: |
Long |
|
eˑ |
:: |
Half long |
|
eːː |
::: |
Extra long |
|
ĕ |
*** |
Extra short |
|
| |
.< |
Minor (foot) group |
|
‖ |
.= |
Major (intonation) group |
|
. |
. |
Syllable break |
|
‿ |
#= |
Linking (absence of a break) |
Other (non-IPA) Vowels
|
ᴂ |
A> |
|
α |
a| |
open central unrounded vowel |
|
ɩ |
i| |
near-close near-front unrounded |
ᴀ |
A| |
open central unrounded |
|
ᵼ |
I> |
|
ɿ |
z| |
unrounded alveolar apical |
|
ᵻ |
I< |
lower-high central unrounded or high back unrounded |
ʅ |
Z| |
unrounded retroflex apical |
|
ᵾ |
U> |
high front rounded |
ʮ |
y| |
rounded alveolar apical |
|
ɷ |
u| |
near-close back rounded |
ʯ |
Y| |
rounded retroflex apical |
|
ᴇ |
E| |
mid front unrounded |
|
|
|
|
ʚ |
e| |
open-mid front rounded |
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|
|
Tone and Word accents
|
Level[1] |
Contour[2] |
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|
˥ |
#4 |
e̋ |
@4 |
Extra high |
˩˥ |
#04 |
ě |
@13 |
Rising |
|
˦ |
#3 |
é |
@3 |
High |
˥˩ |
#40 |
ê |
@31 |
Falling |
|
˧ |
#2 |
ē |
@2 |
Mid |
˧˥ |
#24 |
e᷄ |
@23 |
High rising |
|
˨ |
#1 |
è |
@1 |
Low |
˨˧ |
#12 |
e᷅ |
@12 |
Low rising |
|
˩ |
#0 |
ȅ |
@0 |
Extra low |
˨˥˨ |
#141 |
e᷈ |
@131 |
Rising-falling |
|
|
|
|
#< |
Downstep |
|
|
e᷆ |
@21 |
Low falling |
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|
|
|
#> |
Upstep |
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|
e᷇ |
@32 |
High falling |
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|
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ꜝ |
!^ |
Africanist Upstep |
|
|
e᷉ |
@313 |
Falling-rising |
|
|
|
ꜞ |
#! |
Africanist downstep (raised) |
|
|
↗ |
#>> |
Global rise |
|
|
|
ꜟ |
##! |
Africanist downstep (lowered) |
|
|
↘ |
#<< |
Global fall |
Tone numbers and pitch contours (non-IPA)
|
³ |
3^ (0-9) |
superscript number |
|
⁻ |
-^ |
superscript hyphen |
Other (non-IPA) Symbols
|
ƈ |
c> |
vl palatal implosive |
|
ȡ |
d| |
alveolo-palatal vd plosive |
|
ђ |
h| |
vd pharyngeal nasal |
|
ƙ |
k> |
vl velar implosive |
|
ȴ |
l| |
front-palatal vd lateral approximant |
|
ȵ |
n| |
front-palatal vd nasal |
|
ƥ |
p> |
vl bilabial implosive |
|
ʠ |
q> |
vl uvular implosive |
|
ᶘ |
S= |
vl retroflex postalveolar fricative |
|
ƭ |
t> |
vl dental or alveolar implosive |
|
ȶ |
t| |
front-palatal vl plosive |
|
ʇ |
T| |
dental click |
|
ⱳ |
w< |
bilabial flap |
|
ᶚ |
Z= |
vd retroflex postalveolar fricative |
|
+ |
+= |
|
|
∅ |
0= |
Empty set |
|
◌ |
0> |
Diacritic “holder” |
Diacritics & Suprasegmentals
|
kʰ |
h^ |
Aspirated |
|
tʷ |
w^ |
Labialised |
|
tʲ |
j^ |
Palatalised |
|
lˠ |
g=^ |
Velarised |
|
tˤ |
?<^ |
Pharyngealised |
|
ⁿk |
n^ |
Pre/post nasalised |
|
tˡ |
l^ |
Lateral release |
|
ᶮɟ |
symbol followed by ^ e.g. n=^ |
Other superscripts are available[4] |
|
kʽ |
[[ |
Light aspiration |
|
e˞ |
[[[ |
Rhoticity |
|
tʼ |
]] |
Ejective |
|
t̚ |
]]] |
No audible release |
|
bʻ |
]]]] |
Weak aspiration |
|
l̩ |
$ |
Syllabic |
|
a̯ |
$$ |
Non-syllabic |
|
a̰ |
$$$ |
Creaky voiced |
|
ᶏ |
symbol followed by $$$$ e.g. a$$$$ |
Retroflex hooks[5] |
|
n̥ |
% |
Voiceless |
|
s̬ |
%% |
Voiced |
|
s̤ |
%%% |
Breathy voiced |
|
ᶀ |
symbol followed by %%%% e.g. b%%%% |
Palatal hooks[6] |
|
ŋ̊ |
@ |
Voiceless (diacritics are sometimes placed above a symbol with a descender) |
|
ŋ̍ |
@@ |
Syllabic (diacritics are sometimes placed above a symbol with a descender) |
t̪ |
{ |
Dental |
|
t̺ |
{{ |
Apical |
|
t̻ |
{{{ |
Laminal |
|
t̼ |
{{{{ |
Linguolabial |
|
ṭ |
{{{{{ |
Closer variety / Fricative |
|
ẽ |
~ |
Nasalised |
|
ɫ |
l~~ |
Velarized or pharyngealized[7] |
|
ë |
* |
Centralised |
|
e̽ |
** |
Mid centralised |
|
ĕ |
*** |
Extra short |
|
ė |
**** |
Palatalization/Centralization |
|
m̐ |
***** |
|
|
k͡p |
#& |
Double articulation / affricate[8] |
|
t͜s |
@& |
Double articulation / affricate[9] |
|
u̟ |
+ |
Advanced |
|
i̠ |
_ |
Retracted |
|
e̝ |
++ |
Raised |
|
e̞ |
_ _ |
Lowered |
|
e̘ |
+++ |
+ATR |
|
e̙ |
_ _ _ |
-ATR |
|
e̹ |
++++ |
More rounded |
|
e̜ |
_ _ _ _ |
Less rounded |
|
o̧ |
_ _ _ _ _ |
open vowel |
|
p͈ |
}}} |
Fortis |
|
p᷂ |
}}}} |
Lenis |
|
→ |
=> |
Becomes, is realized as |
|
σ |
s> |
Syllable |
|
͏ |
=< |
Combining Grapheme Joiner |
